Business Dilemma: CRM and Management of Cafe

Business Dilemma: CRM and Management of Cafe CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT BUSINESS DILEMMA The most influential person in cafà © or in any business are the customers, since without customers, one does not have a business. Everything in a business environment revolves round customers. Similarly, in case of our cafà ©, customers are a key to a successful business at the end of the day. Knowing your customers and providing satisfaction to those customers would gain customer loyalty. Grandfather gave priority to customers thats why he knew all his customers. However, just knowing your customers is not enough; one needs to keep a record of its customers so that its easy to analyze. Since customers are really influential towards a business, business (in our case, cafe) should treat each and every customer as if they were the only customer. While serving each customer, one must keep in mind the needs of that particular customer only and should serve in such a way that the service exceeds their expectation. Giving most priority towards customers would enhance customer loyalty an d keep that customer attached to a particular business. Through customers, a business can improve its business as said by Bill Gates â€Å"Your most unhappy customers are your greatest source of learning†. Customer complains in fact is a key to improve the service, for instance, if a customer complains that the way coffee served was not pleasant and did not met the expectation, that complain can be used as a tool to improve the coffee serving process through further training workshops for employees in that area. Thus, customers complain can be seen as a challenge to be met in future to make him/her (customer) happy and attracted to the cafe. If you treat your customers well, your customers will go out of their way to return to you. Therefore, customer feedback and suggestion can help improve a service. However, the cafà © may not have answers or response for all of customer questions and suggestions. Customers could help or hurt the cafe through viral marketing. Word of mouth marketing is the largest determining factor for a service business image, which can be either online chatting or physical talk. If the service in cafà © is up to the expectation of the customer, it would help the cafà © to attract more customers through viral marketing and gain market share. However, if the products and service in cafà © is very poor which made the customer unhappy can spread negative impression on other customers, hurting the company through losing its current and potential customers. Moreover, online comment or complain on the cafes website can be injurious such as comment on You Tube. Literally, the customer does not intend to harm or hurt the company; they just want their needs to be fulfilled and service is up to their expectation. As already mentioned customer complains can provide an opportunity, thereby, helping the cafà © to improve its service. My employees will agree that customers are the most important part of cafe since thats the reason they are in cafe. If there wouldnt be any customer, there wouldnt be need for employees. Thus, customers determine or secure the period of employment of the employee. If there are fewer customers, employees may be laid off to cut down costs. However, some employees may feel that they are the most important part in a business. Employees are the most important asset of any business. If cafà © doesnt value its staff, it would demoralize them which can impact their performance in service. And as a result, their poor performance can hinder customer growth of cafà ©. Thus, some employees value themselves as the most valuable person in a business when compared to customers. MAKING BUSINESS DECISION Virtual world is a 3D, electronically-generated environment where users can interact, create and communicate just as they would in the real world for example, second life (http://ictwm.org/news/virtual-worlds-help-real-businesses). Virtual world provides people with experiences rather than processing transaction. Once people get attached to virtual experience, they would be excited about experiencing it in real life. This would only be possible through going to the real cafà © which would help the business in transaction processing. It also aids in mass customization as customers design or suggest what they exactly want. Virtual world encourage interaction, collaboration and communication. It can be accessed from anywhere in the world, thus, keeping people and cafà © connected. If cafà © provides continuous updates in virtual world, people nearby the cafà © would go for new and innovative products in that cafà © just because of that cafes presence in virtual world which would enhance the business/cafà © operations. It could also be a marketing tool for the cafe to promote its menus for the day through frequently changing attractive ads in the virtual world. Customer relationship in virtual world is very delicate matters since one does not physically meet to create impression. Virtual world should be designed in such a way that it is appealing and attractive to a customer. In virtual world, cafe business would be better able to meet customer satisfaction with minimum or no cost by changing designs to strengthen virtual customer relationship. Customer wont need to wait in long lines to be served, one can just go to the cafes website and get the taste of coffee or of service in that cafà ©. Virtual world does not restrict the access to any person; any person can access to the website to have a taste. In other words, there is a greater reach and contact to maintain strong customer relationship. Cafà © can be always available to its customer through virtual world without any disruption. Customers would be in a position to demand what they want based on their own specification. This makes the customer feel like king through providing their customized products and enhancing better customer relationship. In traditional customer relationship management strategies, there has been lack of customer experience, co-creation, co-production and collaboration with customers. Thus, our strategy to manage customer in new virtual world is through co-creation and co-production with customers. Co-creation and co-production with customers is different than traditional customer-centric approaches in that the focus is not to learn as much as possible about customers but instead consider them as equal problem solvers(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5858/is_200711/ai_n32252899/pg_2/). Giving customers an important role in the value chain can affect customer satisfaction. Value in co-creation derived by customers purposeful interaction cannot be obtained merely from asking the customers to answer questions and leave comments. Virtual worlds may provide an ‘experience space that supports ‘experience networks which go beyond the domain of a single company and its suppliers to one that is experience-centric to the customers. (http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_hb5858/is_200711/ai_n32252899/pg_3) Moreover, since there is a growing use of internet, it would be easier for company to collaborate with its customers through electronic CRM. Electronic CRM has a wider scope for managing customer relationship in a variety of ways and not just collaboration ranging from designing and pricing of digital products to loyalty programs. Supporting Second Life customers differs from supporting website customers as well as traditional customers. In second life, cafà © can design and create those products and services that a particular customer wants. It allows basically for customization as well as reaching out to customers for ideas, prototyping and feedback in a particular area giving cafà © a better competitive advantage. This means that customer support in second life would need to be met in real time especially to a customers demand. Second life is basically everything being electronic whereas traditional revolves around physical presence. Moreover, collaboration between customers and company is a major support in second life unlike traditional customers. Website supports customers with visitor information and product review. It does not allow a customer to get the feeling of being in cafà ©. However, second life gives a customer a virtual feel of being part of that cafà © in addition to visitor information. To make the experience of a virtual world customer great, second life location should offer free virtual coff ee, music, and chairs with tables for customers to hang out. In the traditional (physical) environment, the cafà © needed to be closed off at a particular time, even though customers were involved in deep discussion. This does not happen in second life. Second life supports customers to continue with whatever they are doing in the virtual cafà © without any time limit and can chat as late as they want. Furthermore, upcoming events, artwork and music should be available to customers visiting second life so that it becomes interesting and encourages them to explore the site. Another difference between traditional and second life customer support is in terms of advertising. In past, business would use advertising agency to promote their products but now the cafà © can do in house advertising in virtual world attracting wider range of customers all round the world. Second life does not provide authentication of a persons identity. There is no access control and anyone can easily get into the second life and if there is any confidential information for customers only, that can be easily leaked and used to the disadvantage of the business, that is, the cafà ©. Moreover, phishing can easily take place whereby an intruder who is against the cafà © business can create a website similar to the cafà © site and trick the customers into inputting confidential data. This confidential information can be used as a tool to harm the image of the cafà © through missing the customers information which would tremendously impact on the cafà © business. Similarly, misrepresentation can be another issue just like phishing, whereby someone designs an avatar that looks just like the avatar of a customer service representative. Other issue involves the obsolesce of real life location. Since people get attached to second life, they dont go or visit the real life cafà ©. Second life cafà © can be visited by anyone but real world cafà © may not be. People in a region would only be visiting the cafà © and if those limited people get attached to second life cafà ©, there wont be much importance of real life cafà ©. Thus, issue arises that second life should be positioned and designed in such a way that real life cafà © does not get obsolete and people remain attracted to it as well to have real currency flow in business. Due to lack of authentication, privacy concerns arise. Maintaining customer confidentiality becomes an ethical issue and a challenge for businesses. MAKING BUSINESS DECISION II You Tube can be an important vehicle to communicate with the cafes customers. It is a popular free video sharing website where people can also comment on a particular video. We would design and create video clips of the cafes products and the way service is provided in cafà © and then share it on You Tube, using cartoon characters and other imaginary characters making the clip funny, interesting and informative. Through these clips, we can conveniently show our customers how we have minimized the problem of long wait lines. Firstly, we would make clips showing more counters for serving as well as drive in windows. Long wait lines are basically because of few or only one counter, thus showing a clip with more counters can be seen as a reasonable rectification to the problem. Moreover, for travelers who want to be served instantly while in their vehicle, drive in windows would be a solution to avoid waiting in lines when in rush as in case of McDonalds in Fiji. Clip can show a custome r ordering and being served in just few seconds through drive in windows. Furthermore, online ordering and tele-ordering can also be a rectification to long waiting lines. Through virtual world or cafes website, customers can order online as well as through phone calls before actually going to cafà © so that on their arrival, their order is prepared and no waiting is required. These solutions can be depicted on You Tube through videos using animated characters. You Tube as a communication vehicle, is free and easy to use. Unlike advertising over television, which is associated with costs, You Tube provides this for free whereby anyone can watch the videos and pass comments about how they feel about that particular video. As already said, it saves money on marketing since advertising can be done through clips to promote the cafà ©. You Tube has a wider reach in terms of customers and markets. It is not restricted to a particular geographical region or location. Customers all around the world and in different market can get access to You Tube and learn about the cafà ©. Also through You Tube, cafà © can get a great deal of information to many people in a short amount of time just through one clip. These benefits show that You Tube can be an efficient communication vehicle for any business whether it be cafà © or a car dealer. However, there are various disadvantages for You Tube as well. Since it can be viewed by anyone in the world, it may capture unwanted attention, for instance, is a person does not love coffee, he/she may not like the clip based on coffee and would comment negatively which would create bad impression to other customers. You Tube also in some cases compresses the content of clips and other files, making it unappealing to customers as its not presented in the right way intended and information can be chopped in that compression. Products may not be clear to customers, thus, proper communication of that product such as coffee maybe hindered. Also due to missing information or half information, it could become difficult to understand what the file tries to reveal to customers. Issues of privacy concern and copyright infringement can be cons of You Tube. Privacy can be made vulnerable as amount of information on video can be dangerous such as unintentionally showing where an employee lives or showing someones bio-data while promoting the product or service. Therefore, before starting to use You Tube as a medium of communication vehicle, one must clearly study the pros and cons of it to see whether benefits are there or not. Other new technologies that can be used as a customer communication vehicle that would be more effective than You Tube are social networking sites such as twitter and facebook. It allows more than just posting video. One can post comments, pictures, update information and create events on it. Twitter and facebook help bringing customers together. With help of twitter, cafe can send an alert about new deals or offers in the cafà ©. Blogging can also be a publishing medium. If a customer complements the cafes service or the products and food in cafà © in his blog, it would be a free advertising for the cafà ©. But can also harm the image if blogger comments in a negative way. APPLY YOUR KNOWLEDGE To obtain high quality data, systems in the cafà © must be integrated, since quality information does make a difference in any business. Major importance of quality information is that it induces enhanced, accurate and appropriate decision making. The quality of information used to make business decision determines the quality of decision made. Having real time system in cafà © would provide real time information in response to decision makers queries and requests. High quality decisions can significantly impact the cafes bottom line, thus, profitability. For instance, having integrated and real time system, cafà © can provide what customer wants in an instance which would meet customer satisfaction, thus, improve profitability. Moreover, high quality information enables any business to track valuable customers who generate most revenues. Having proper information about a particular customer visiting cafà © frequently can help cafà © identify the loyal customer and could reward him or her so that they keep coming in future. Uses can place confidence on information of high quality since it is reliable. For instance, if cafà © post on its website information generated from its systems, customers could be easily in a position to rely on it. On the other hand, low quality information results in various business effects. Low quality information are those which has missing information example no first name of customer, incomplete information example no street or missing area code, probable duplicate information such as similar name, same address or phone number and potentially wrong information. The effects of this on cafes business would be its inability to accurately track customers, difficulty identifying valuable customers, inability to identify selling opportunities of cafes product, marketing to non-existent customers, difficulty tracking revenue and inability to build strong customer relationship (net: slides). Low quality information would hinder cafà © to follow up with its profitable customers who frequently such as daily visit cafà © since there may be name confusion. Also if systems are not integrated, it becomes difficult to provide accurately what customer wants and may lead to providing wrong products. Thi s will affect the demand and supply of a particular product which would not be reliable. Also cafà © may be marketing and promoting its cafà © and product to a non-existent customer online due to fake or same names who are not cafes usual customers. Overall, low quality information vigorously degrades the decision making quality in managing a customer and the cafà ©. The examples of information that can be used by The Broadway Cafà © to gain better understanding of its customers are customers taste and preferences. If the cafà © gets a picture of what their current and potential customers would like to consume, cafà © can be prepared for the product and provide the customer that product when they actually came and demand. Moreover, having a brief idea about the customers disposable income would help understand the affordability of prices by customers. This would give the cafà © a view as to what prices customers would be willing to pay for the cafes products such as coffee. Changes in environment and weather would also help in getting to know the customers and their wants, for instance, coffee would be largely demanded during colder seasons in Fiji. Some of the data quality issues are as follows. Firstly, dirty data issues due to data errors which can be attributed to human errors or an application error due to legacy systems. Since theres a large quantity of data to be fed in the system, humans are prone to make errors. Missing and duplicate data are other two issues (Turban, E., and Volonino, L., 2009). The cafà © lacks in proper management of its data which can lead the data to be easily lost as well as to be entered twice. This could really affect the output results thus affecting decision making. Moreover, data can be non-standardized and massed up due to lack of standards. The strategies the company can use to avoid such data quality issues are to implement Master Data Management system. It is comprises a set of processes and tools that consistently defines and manages the non-transactional data entities of an organization. MDM has the objective of providing processes for collecting, aggregating, matching, consolidating, quality-assuring, persisting and distributing such data throughout an organization to ensure consistency and control in the ongoing maintenance and application use of this information. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_data_management) MDM would reduce or eliminate the data quality issues, giving a unified view of enterprise data. It can also use automated data entry, Web forms for individual entering data with data integrity checks and drop down menus and radio buttons. (Turban, E., and Volonino, L., 2009) having frequent data audits in the system can also aid in preventing the above mentioned issues since data would be continuously reviewed and any errors would be detected and corrected appropriately without further problems in future. CAFES BEST CUSTOMERS** Customer ID Total Sales Amount ($) 3548 18,261.86 4438 26,474.28 5657 11,342.98 6891 10,585.94 13801 33,555.50 13959 19,593.65 270177 14,355.99 294896 11,348.40 305668 49,647.45 540135 16,338.02 1309948 11,401.60 ** We have assumed that the cafes best customers are the ones that bring in sales amount dollars of more than $10000. Listed above are the cafes best customers. The cafà © should offer to its valuable customers loyalty marketing programs such as point programs whereby a customer would get points for every purchase they make and when they reach a certain level and collected enough points, will get a special reward such as Jacks of Fiji which is using this marketing system to keep their loyal customers attached. Moreover, the cafà © can give its valuable customers loyalty cards as MH in Fiji is dong with its flash and gain card. Providing customers with promotional vouchers would also give them a feeling of appreciation for their service. Keeping in touch strategy can also be a way of marketing campaign towards valuable customers. Giving personal attention towards the profitable customers is a way to build relationship and keep them in your business. This can be done by sending them promotional messages personally through email or calls frequently and asking for their feedbacks as to what they would like in future and their expectation from cafà ©. Broadway Cafe Question Name Total What is the best selling product? Music CD $776,813.17 What is the worst selling product? Kids CD $96 What is the best sales month? 3 $569,339.10 What is the worst sales month? 5 $58,501.06 What is the best selling product during the best month? Music CD $235,054.45 What is the worst selling product during the best month? Kids CD $64 What is the best selling product during the worst month? Music CD $33,684.43 What is the worst selling product during the worst month? Food $63.2 * For answering the above questions, we have taken our base as sales amount values to reach an answer. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT BUSINESS DILEMMA Broadway Cafà © can reinvent the cafà © by making use of demand planning software. This software would enable the cafà © to be prepared in peak hours of business since it would capture and give information as and when a customer enters either the cafà © or the car park of the cafà ©. For instance, as part of software set, a camera can be attached at the roof of the cafà © to capture information on people entering the car park and determine what they would normally order at that particular time of the day. Also, it would allow the cafà © to keep track of its regular customers and their demands, thus, have the items available for them without having them wait in lines. This can be done before a customer enters the cafà ©. The software would also enable in ensuring whether the cafà © has enough of the products that that would be demanded by the customer such as a particular type of coffee. Although the implementation of such a software would be costly at its initial stage, it w ould be beneficial for cafà © in future as it is located in Suva, to obtain customer satisfaction and where people are always in rush. Thus, demand planning software would be a great benefit for the cafà ©. Like Netflix, we would not see cafà © becoming a supplier in another business supply such as hotel industry since our cafà © itself is very small at this stage. First, it needs to widen its customer base with the help of demand planning software and online ordering system (electronic ordering). Since our cafà © has a website, we could include in that a feature where customers order online, paying through credit cards or paying subscription fee for being in that account. The cafà © can based on customers order deliver the items to the customer within the Suva area if large quantities are ordered such as Pizza King which delivers pizza to people living in urban and suburban areas. Moreover, a customer would also order online so that before their arrival in cafà ©, the items are prepared for them before hand such as coffee. Thus, innovating ordering system would also attract more customers in the cafà ©. With the help of these supply chain technologies, the cafà © can expand its customer base and from there on can think bigger and better options such as becoming supplier of coffee/coffee beans to hotels or other businesses such as MacDonald. MAKING BUSINESS DECISION I The success of any business depends on its ability of short and long term planning. As a concerned business operator, I would always maintain some inventory in my warehouse for such unexpected events especially coffee beans which are in demand. Since not being able to meet customer demand would lead to losing out customers. Thus, our cafà © would keep with its operation regardless of disruption in supply chain du to dockworkers strike and would run on warehouse inventory (Brazil Beans, China Tea and custom Coffee press machines). Moreover, based on available inventory analysis in the warehouse, we would determine how long supply would last. Is our warehouse inventory wouldnt be able to meet up with the disruption period, we would resort to redundant suppliers since all suppliers wont be affected at once with the same problem. We would consider our temporary local suppliers such as Nestle to supply us with similar products as long as we are able to operate efficiently, although the cost in emergency need may be higher than usual price paid to our fixed suppliers. Since the cafà © has been going towards demand-driven manufacturing, Radio Frequency Identification Technologies (RFIT) would be the newest and most efficient solution to supply chain problems. RFIT is the most valuable technology to track inventory. If inventory level in any case would be low, it would trigger automatic alert to our suppliers. It is an important device in global transportation both land and sea. It ensures that inventory level are checked and replenished on need by need basis. Although this strategy would be bit costly for the cafà © in the initial stage at present, it would provide benefits in the future. Another strategy I would recommend is to create a position as freight specialist whose job would be to enable transportation of products in whatever the situation maybe and at any cost. The freight specialist would guarantee that products would reach the cafà © on time to meet customer demand and if not than they would be responsible for the loss. MAKING BUSINESS DECISION II Broadway cafà © No move Broadway Cafà © Units sold per month: 20,000 Unit variable costs: $0.50 Average unit sales price: $2.20 Current fixed costs: $5,000 Added lease payment, new offices: $2,500 Projected fixed costs: $7,500 Sales month Units Sales Fixed Costs Variable Costs EBIT January 6,582 $14,480 $5,000 $3,291 $6,189 February 11,121 $24,466 $5,000 $5,561 $13,906 March 14,178 $31,192 $5,000 $7,089

Multicultural Population Study Essay

The objective of this research is to analyze the community based in the U. S. , most of them are Asians in this research we are talking about the Filipinos who are working in U. S. most of them are working there in cheap wages. The population of Filipinos are increasing in US are increasing rapidly. Number of Filipinos are working abroad especially professional ones would rather work abroad than in their own homeland because of monetary necessities. The next step would be conducting a pilot study to test the execution of distributing the survey questionnaires on a large scale. All information gathered from this pilot study will be analyzed if necessary through Fine-tuning. There will be a method recruitment which based on some criteria like Filipino workers will be the resident of U. S. for at least two years with valid work permit and also have an experience of at least one year in U. S. Filipinos as overseas workers in America has a dominant part in the workforce. Remittances of Filipino overseas workers have played a stabilizing role notably during Asian crisis when remittances flows offset the sharp reduction in capital inflows. Most of the Filipinos are migrating towards U. S. for their better living and to help there relatives in their homeland by giving them foreign exchange. The Filipinos country is also stabilizing due to the foreign exchange which is coming from abroad by their Nationals. A large number of researchers make common errors during their interpretive process in research study; these errors result into misinterpretation of the data and inaccurate results that need to be avoided. There are some errors which are selective observations, imprecise observation and Illogical reasoning and Ego participation in understanding. Select a Population During regular trips on grocery markets and shops, I have noticed that a friend of mine have employed several foreigners with different backgrounds, mostly Asians My inquiring mind asked my friend about it since, I have notice that there are a lot of them on different shops I went to. My friend told me that they were Filipinos working there and she also explained to me that there’s a small community of them in our Town. I was curious with that fact and I decided to research about them and create a multicultural study from it. The purpose of this multicultural study is to analyze overseas Filipino workers here in the US. According to the American Community Survey, in 2005, about 3,252,678 Filipinos and Filipino-Americans live in the United States. However, this number is speculated to be at more than 5. 5 million, according to many Filipino-American organizations, with 1 million that are undocumented (All experts, 2010). We will use a descriptive approach; a typical case study in which the mission of this service oriented case study is specific to Filipinos overseas workers (Hadley & Mitchell, 1995). And this will be done to study intensively on why does a lot of Filipinos, especially professional ones would rather work abroad than in their own homeland, sacrificing leaving their families and friends on the Philippines. Although we might already have some assumptions on the reasons they may have, but what is it clearly? Case studies typically document â€Å"what happened† differently than do comparative studies (Confrey & Stohl 2004). This study will also go beyond their race but also analyze their culture and religious preferences, as this social domain was one of the first areas explored mediators of the religion-health association (Baetz & Toews, 2009) purpose of which is further provide inputs on this study’s overall goal of answering why the increasing number of Filipinos coming in. The sample size will also be significant and case studies will be repeated a number of times to assess if there are similar findings from different individuals, in which the results can be, generalized (Hadley & Mitchell, 1995). A survey will also be included to provide some data on age, gender and type of employment, again to assist probable supporting details on the subject. And finally, to have a decent projection if this trend will continue, a further Trend study will be applied to examine changes over time (Hadley & Mitchell, 1995). The results will probably indicate organizational support for multicultural/social justice issues and gains in the participants’ multicultural competence ( Zalaquett, Foley, Tillotson, Dinsmore & Hof, 2008). Potential Ethical Issues It is of prime importance to consider potential ethical issue on conducting this research, especially dealing with an unfamiliar race to be the population of this present study. Tapping into the values that our designated population advocate and the understandings of why do Filipinos immigrate is a challenging endeavour. The complexity of is magnified, in particular this case in which I do not share the cultural background of the people whose values I will be studying. Problems with irresponsible professional conduct and unethical behaviour in the sciences are not limited to biomedical research (Artino Jr & Brown 2009). Meaning that even experienced researchers need to understand the professional rules regarding the conduct of ethical research. The increasing attention to ethical issues by counsellors and other professionals appears to be part of ongoing trends in the larger society toward increasing recognition of individual rights, increasing demands for accountability, and changing views of counselling and research (Hadley & Mitchell, 1995). My research question is why does a lot of Filipinos, especially professional ones would rather work abroad than in their own homeland. The potential ethical issue here probably would be the possible temptation to overemphasize general hypothesis of conclusions to the said research question, like confirming an answer that Filipinos work abroad because of monetary necessities. In choosing participants an assessment will be made by me by beginning a general inquiry to the possible motivations for a person’s decision to volunteer to join the research. According to Appelbaum, Lidz & Klitzman (2009), populations in developing countries are often thought to be subject to a variety of coercive influences, ranging from pressures exerted by authority figures to difficulty understanding that research participation is voluntary. The risk besides what is already stated possibly could be the inconvenience of a participant in answering surveys which could take an ample amount of time; this could be mitigated by the benefit of this research to provide a clear conclusion as to why the increasing trend of my target population is coming in this country. That is why I need an appropriate method to employ when designing this research to avoid negative consequences of an unethical study. Vignette methodology has been found to be particularly useful to study appropriately why Filipinos leave their country to work abroad. I will also follow strictly the guideline ethical principles of Psychologists and code of conduct of 2002. Regulations for human relations such as stated on unfair discrimination explains that In their work-related activities, psychologists do not engage in unfair discrimination based on age, gender, gender identity, race, ethnicity, culture, national origin, religion, sexual orientation, disability, socioeconomic status, or any basis proscribed by law. (APA, 2009, Standard 3. 03). 1. ) If you where to create a brief numbered list of research questions what would they be? Create a list of research questions; be specific with a minimum of 5 questions. †¢ What is your job here in this country? †¢ What is your educational background? †¢ How long have you been staying here? †¢ Why have you chosen to work here? †¢ How old are you? 2. ) How are these research questions correlated to developing the methodology (The structure and analysis of your data) of your integrative projects? These questions are very important to provide ample results to comprehend our analysis. The first question will help on what are the majority of jobs here which Filipinos came here for. Educational background, explains the skill level they have to perform their work and also as a basis of compare and contrast if for example one participant has a Masters degree but is working on a blue collar job. The question about the duration of staying here can help this research study understand if they are working only temporarily here or already making a career out of it. The fourth question is basically the fundamental question in which defines our study, why do Filipinos work here and can definitely strengthen conclusive data that we may get from that question alone. The last question supports the demographic analysis to verify the age range of Filipinos working here. Plan of Action According to Hadley & Mitchell (1995), planning is the second major phase of a research project and involves a representation on all the subsequent phases: data collection, data analysis, interpretation and reporting. Following the guidelines on the planning process and steps, I will create a literature review to make it easier for me to conduct my research and improve this project’s quality. My preliminary plan is to conduct survey to my chosen population which are the Filipinos. The next step would be conducting a pilot study to test the execution of distributing the survey questionnaires on a large scale. Purpose of this pilot study also includes gathering information of the Filipino participants and to practice planned procedures before using them in the main study (Hadley & Mitchell 1995, p. 167). All information gathered from this pilot study will be analyzed and revised if necessary through Fine-tuning, as to prepare myself to make different changes before proceeding to my main body of research. Administrative arrangements will also be done to make sure I have all the necessary requirements to do the main research The mixed-method approach will be used in conducting this study, for first qualitative method of inquiry which aims to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and investigate the reasons why does Filipinos keep on working abroad instead staying and living in their motherland (Denzin & Lincoln 2005). This method could produce general conclusions that could also be considered informative guesses, Followed by a quantitative method which can be used to verify which of such hypothesis are facts (Whitley 2007). Meta-analysis will also be applied to avoid discounting probable non-significant data response on the said survey (Howard, Hill, Maxwell, Baptista, Farias, & Coehlno, 2009). Recruitment The proposed study entitled â€Å"Multicultural Study on Filipino Overseas Contract Workers in the US† involves the task of selecting participants, securing consent in their participation, providing a background and purpose of the study, gathering responses, and interpreting data gathered. The method of selecting the participants are based on the following criteria specifically Filipino workers residing in the US for at least 2 years with valid working VISA, has employment status for at least one year, and is willing to participate in the study. The sample size needs to be sufficient that the different categories of industry such as in healthcare, tourism, labour, and information technology among others are represented. Filipinos as overseas workers in America has a dominant part in the workforce. An evidence of this statement is based on a study that presented large remittances flows and international migration have been prominent features of the Philippine economy for many decades (Burgess, R. & Haksar, V. 2005). In fact, remittances serve as a pillar of the Philippine economy mainly as a relatively stable source of foreign exchange. One of the population of Filipino overseas workers, Filipino nurses would choose to work in the US for higher wages, better living and working conditions, and opportunities to advance their education and expertise (Aiken, L et al. , 2005). Another study showed that the current US nurse shortage would place more pressure for additional means to increase foreign nurse recruitment (Brush, B. , Sochalski, J. & Berger, A. 2006). The sample population of this study is qualified Filipino overseas workers based on the given criteria who will then be given questionnaires to determine their reasons, experiences and motivations on migrating to USA. Peer Reviewed References Remittances of Filipino overseas workers have played a stabilizing role notably during Asian crisis when remittances flows offset the sharp reduction in capital inflows. A study made by Burgess and Haksar showed that Filipino overseas workers contribute to the remittances sent to the Philippines. The sampling choice should then be based on Filipino workers who have a valid working VISA and sends his or her share of remittances to the home country. In this way, the researcher will determine and know how many Filipino overseas workers earn and send remittances home. Various reasons and motivations push Filipino overseas workers, especially nurses to work in a foreign land. Filipino nurses would choose to work in the US for higher wages, better living and working conditions, and opportunities to advance their education and expertise (Aiken, L. et al. , 2005). The study attempts to determine the reasons why Filipino overseas workers would give up their work and living in his or her country to seize the chance to go to the US. It is interesting to note that there is a higher possibility of continued Filipino migration to United States as overseas workers in the years to come. The current US nurse shortage places more pressure for additional means to increase foreign nurse recruitment (Brush, B. , Sochalski, J. & Berger, A. 2006). The sample population should be well represented through a sample choice of respondents working in different sectors of the community, namely health care, programming, office jobs, among others. In this way, the large sample size leads to increased precision in estimates of various properties of the population. Compare Data Collection It is reported that large population of Filipino people live in America and even well trained professionals from Philippines tend to leave their homeland besides missing their family and friends (American Psychological Association, 2002). The clear reasons behind this personal preference need to be explored in detail with well-tailored research program. The research exercise proposed require detailed categorization of data types based on which the methodology could be decided. The research would require both the qualitative as well as quantitative type information (Appelbaum et al, 2009). The qualitative factors would help the research to understand the non-quantifiable factors or the responses that are more descriptive in nature like better acceptability of Filipinos in U. S. While any specific measure like the percentage of Filipino population in U. S. across different time is an example of quantitative information (Le, 2010). Thus the main research questions that need to be answered through research are explained below What is the major reason that attracts Filipino to United States. This question would give specific information regarding the major reason that attracts the Filipino to U. S. This information could be collected from the records at external affairs departments regarding the various employment opportunities being availed by Filipinos (Le. , 2010). Is there gender skewness in the movement of Filipino population to US ? This question tries to explore whether any specific gender specific attractions are being offered in U. S. (American Psychological Association, 2002). This could be collected in the questionnaire survey. In addition, a set of qualitative information on their objective in traveling to US are also collected. Is the employment attraction or the pride of being in United States of America a key factor that drives the people to undertake this journey is the vital element in the research (American Psychological Association, 2002). Also, the level of protection of legal cover of a Filipino in United States and the level of service oriented ness in an average Filipino across the Asian population are also explore here giving due importance to the ethical component in the research initiative (Atrino and Brown, 2009). Compare Data Analysis There are two research studies that are similar in the area of interest specifically having the sample population who are Filipinos working in the States. The difference of the sample population between the studies is that the current study investigates the reasons why Filipino overseas contract workers choose to migrate and work in a foreign land rather than in their native land, Philippines, while the other study focuses on the levels of stress among Filipino registered nurses in the States. The multicultural study on Filipino overseas contract workers in the US would require the use of both quantitative and qualitative types of data (Appelbaum et al, 2009). On the other hand, the other research focusing on the levels of stress among Filipino registered nurses in the US made use of the Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS). The similarity of the two studies is that both used a mixed method gathering data based on the responses of their respective sample population. The multicultural study on Filipino overseas contract workers in the US and its data will be better understood when the responses are expressed in a descriptive form and in quantitative information. Thus, the current study utilized a mixed method, which is quantitative and qualitative. The data are based on the following questions asked to the sample population: the better acceptability of Filipinos in US, what is the major reason that attracts some Filipinos to US, is there gender skewness in the movement of some Filipinos to the US (American Psychological Association, 2002), and the level of protection of legalities of these Filipino as overseas contract workers in the US. The quantitative information, according to the study, are those percentage of Filipino population in US across different periods of time, A data analysis method used on the study that â€Å"explores the stress levels of Filipino registered nurses in US† emphasizes on the use of a scale called Expanded Nursing Stress Scale (ENSS) by French et al. (2000) without any need for identifying information. Thus, the study concealed the identities of the participants. Upon comparison, it is noted that the current study does not use any measuring scale to gather important and pertinent data of the sample population. The topic of interest is limited to the reasons and motivations on why Filipino overseas workers chose to migrate in the US. Hence, there is no appropriate scale to facilitate in the process of data gathering. I am therefore confident in the method of data analysis for the current study. The challenge is to administer the structured questionnaire and interview as efficient as possible. Additionally, the most updated and recent statistics should be secured for the purpose of having reliable data. The ethics of confidentiality and privacy are two ethical issues that are crucial to social researchers who, by the very core of their research, typically requests participants to share them their perception, attitudes, thoughts, and experiences (Gregory 2003). The question of ethics also plays into the method of data analysis when it comes to protecting the identities of individuals and the companies they work for. The modification that should be applied to the current study is to omit any identifying information of the sample population upon data analysis and interpretation. Common Errors Introduction A large number of researchers make common errors during their interpretive process in research study; (Weed, 2005) these errors result into misinterpretation of the data and inaccurate results that need to be avoided Selective observation Selective scrutiny takes place when the researcher draws attention to the observations to prove his or her prior understanding and beliefs about the topic of study. In order to avoid this error, I will review and make some evaluations on literatures done by other researchers for relationship analysis about the subject of study. In addition, I will vigilantly take notes rather than depend on my memory. Location sampling will help me to concentrate on a smaller task for a specified period of time and gather the data that is accurate. A research conducted by (Weed, 2005) on Meta interpretation, confirms that several methods of research synthesis that emerge as a result of lack of understanding of interpretivists on customary literature reviews, have been put in place with no sense of the findings from the anthological studies. The study aimed at providing a valid method of Meta interpretation that centered on interpretive synthesis of data for improved research. Imprecise Observation Mistaken observation happens when the researcher fails to record down the data during the research study. I will Focus on the really task observations to boost my accuracy in gathering and interpreting the data. Illogical Reasoning Illogical reasoning takes place when the researcher makes assumptions that are inconsistent . To eliminate this error, I will base my study on the existing research theories and make broad utilization of peer evaluation of my writings to rectify on the aspects that will tend to be reasoned illogically. Suggestions made by (Resnik, 2009) on the meaning of research ethics and its importance, found several reasons for adhering to ethical standards in research and are listed below; i. Supporting the objectives of research ii. Promotion of important values for collaboration iii. Ability for researchers to account for the public demands iv. Moral and communal values. Ego Participation in Understanding Self involvement in understanding occurs when the researcher accepts human side force the outcomes and his or her views on the findings of research study done by others. I will remain neutral and honest while carrying out my research study. According to (Kaptchuk, 2008) on the analysis of the effects of bias interpretation of research data, states that facts cannot build up on the empty schedules of researchers’ minds and data cannot articulate for itself. He encourages the researchers to advance on their critical assessment skills since data is predictably subjective and it can result in bias. Kaptchuk also argues that unbiased data interpretation is very vital in the production of sound judgments. Conclusion Careful methods of data interpretation results into accurate findings and eliminates errors associated with misinterpretation that are carelessly made by researchers. Adhering to ethical standards in research helps to produce qualitative results from a research study. References Aiken, L. , Buchan, J. , Sochalski, J. , Nichols, B. and Powell, M. , (2005), Trends in International Nurse Immigration. Health Affairs, Vol. 23 No. 3, 69-77. All Experts (2010). Countries with large Filipino populations, (Data File), Retrieved from http://en. allexperts. com/e/o/ov/overseas_filipino. htm. American Psychological Association, (2002). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code Of Conduct (PDF) Appelbaum, P. , Lidz, C. , & Klitzman, R. (2009). Voluntariness of Consent to Research: A Preliminary Empirical Investigation. 39(1):30–39. Hastings Center Report Artino Jr. A, & Brown, S. (2009), Ethics in Educational Research: A comparative analysis of Graduate Student and Faculty Beliefs. College Student Journal, 439(2), 599-615. Retrieved from Academic Research Database Baetz, M. and Toews, J. Clinical implications of research on religion, spirituality, and mental health. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 54, no. 5 (Mar 2009): 292-301. Brush, B. , Sochalski, J. & Berger, A. , (2006), Imported Care: Recruiting Foreign Nurses to U. S. Health Care Facilities, Health Affairs, Vol. 23 No. 3, 78-87. Burgess, R. & Haksar, V. , (2005), Migration and Foreign Remittances in the Philippines. IMF Working Paper. Volume 5. p. 3. Confrey, J. and Stohl, V (2004). On evaluating curricular effectiveness: judging the quality of K-12 mathematics evaluations. National Academies Press, 167. Denzin, N & Lincoln, Y. (Eds. ). (2005). The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (3rd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. ISBN 0-7619-2757-3 French, S. E. , Lenton, R. , Walters. , V. Eyles, J. (2000). An empirical evaluation of an expanded nursing stress scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 8(2), 161-78. Gregory, I. (2003). Ethics in Research. New York: Continuum, 45 Hadley, R. and Mitchell, L. (1995). Counseling research and program evaluation. Brooks/Cole Hadley, R. G. & Mitchell, L. K. , (1995), Counseling research and program evaluation. Pacific Grove, Ca: Brooks/Cole Publishing Company. Howard, G. , Hill, T. , Maxwell, S. , Baptista, T. , Farias, M. , & Coehlno, C. et al (2009), Whats wrong with research literatures? And how to make them right, Review of General Psychology, 13(2), 146-166 Kaptchuk, T. , (2008). Effect of interpretive bias on research evidence. Boston; Osher Institute. Le, C. N. (2010) , Population Statistics & Demographics† Asian-Nation: The Landscape of Asian America† Retrieved from on 8 May 2010. Resnik, D. , (2009). What is Ethics in Research & Why is It Important. New York; Oxford University Press. Shamoo, A. , &Resnik, D. , (2009), Responsible Conduct of Research, 2nd Ed. New York; Oxford University Press. Weed, M. , (2005), Meta Interpretation: A Method for the Interpretive Synthesis of Qualitative Research. Phoenix; Wright Mills Whitley, R. (2007). Mixed-method studies. Journal of mental health, 16(6), 697-701 Zalaquett, C. , Foley, P. , Tillotson, K. , Dinsmore, J. , Hof, D. (2008). Multicultural and Social Justice Training for Counselor Education Programs and Colleges of Education: Rewards and Challenges. Journal of Counseling & Development, Volume 86, Number 3, 323 – 329.

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The United States And Foreign Policy Essay - 982 Words

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